![]() The words "nicht müssen" are instead used to translate "don't have to". "mustn't" in the sense of "not being allowed to do something". Is used to translate "must", it is "nicht dürfen" which is used to translate Great care must be taken when using "dürfen" and "müssen" in the negative. The verb "müssen" corresponds to English "must" or "to have to". Present tense of "müssen" Grammar 23: The present tense of "müssen" (= must) (Andrea is able to (= has permission to) go to Germany.) (Andrea can (= knows how to) speak German.) (I can (= have permission to) ride a bicycle.) You need to distinguish between two different possible meanings of "can": "to be able to do something" (= "können") and "to have permission to do something" (= "dürfen"). Great care must be taken when translating the English word "can" into German. The verb "dürfen" corresponds to English "be allowed to" or "can" (in the sense of having the permission to do something). Here are the present tenses of two more modal verbs which we have encountered in this chapter: Grammar 22: Present tense of "dürfen" (= to be allowed to) We have already had an introduction to German modal verbs and their usage in Chapter 8 of this course. ![]() The wikipedia page for modal verbs describes it thus.there are numerous other verbs that can be viewed as modal verbs insofar as they clearly express modality in the same way that the verbs in this list do, e.g. 10.10 Reflexive verbs and the dative caseġ0.11 Verbs: "-el-", "-er-" and irregularġ0.13 The modal verbs "dürfen" und "müssen" Have to is sometimes called a semi-modal verb in that it has some elements of modality but not others. ![]()
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